A hydraulic ram system, also known as a hydraulic ram pump or simply a ram pump, is a type of water pumping system that utilizes the energy of flowing water to pump a portion of that water to a higher elevation without the need for external power sources.

The basic principle of a hydraulic ram system involves the use of a hydraulic ram pump. This pump consists of a few key components:

Drive pipe: The drive pipe is the pipe through which a portion of the flowing water is directed into the ram pump. It typically has a larger diameter and is positioned at a higher elevation than the other components.

Inlet valve: The inlet valve is located at the end of the drive pipe and allows water to enter the ram pump when the pressure in the drive pipe exceeds a certain threshold.

Delivery pipe: The delivery pipe is connected to the outlet of the ram pump and carries the pumped water to the desired location. It can be routed vertically or horizontally, depending on the application.

Air chamber: The air chamber is a sealed chamber within the ram pump that helps to regulate the flow of water and create pressure differentials that drive the pumping action.

Waste valve: The waste valve is a check valve located between the air chamber and the delivery pipe. It allows water to flow out of the pump when the pressure in the air chamber exceeds a certain level.

The operation of a hydraulic ram system is as follows:

Flowing water enters the drive pipe and builds up pressure. When the pressure exceeds the threshold, the inlet valve opens, allowing water to enter the ram pump.

As water enters the ram pump, it compresses the air in the air chamber, creating a surge of pressure. This surge closes the inlet valve and opens the waste valve.

The sudden closure of the inlet valve redirects the water flow, forcing water up into the delivery pipe. The kinetic energy of the flowing water is converted into potential energy as the water is lifted to a higher elevation.

Once the pressure in the air chamber drops, the waste valve closes, and the cycle repeats.

Hydraulic ram systems are commonly used in remote areas or off-grid locations where electricity is not readily available. They are often employed for irrigation, livestock watering, and domestic water supply. The efficiency and effectiveness of a hydraulic ram system depend on factors such as the flow rate and head of the water source, the elevation difference, and the design and size of the ram pump.